An elastic coupling is a mechanical device that connects two rotating shafts to transmit torque while accommodating misalignment, vibration damping, and shock absorption. It utilizes flexible elements (such as rubber, polyurethane, or metallic springs) to provide elasticity, allowing for angular, parallel, and axial misalignments between connected shafts.

 Key Components and Types

Flexible Element: The core component that provides elasticity and damping properties. Common materials include elastomers, metal membranes, and grid springs.

Hub Components: Connect to the shafts via keyways, splines, or clamping mechanisms.

Common Types:

Jaw Couplings: Use polyurethane spiders for flexibility

Gear Couplings: Metallic teeth with elastomeric sleeves

Disc Couplings: Metallic diaphragms for high torque capacity

Grid Couplings: Spring grid elements for shock absorption

Working Mechanism

Elastic couplings operate by:

Torque Transmission: Transmit rotational power through the flexible element's deformation

Misalignment Compensation: Allow shafts to deviate slightly without excessive stress

Vibration Damping: Absorb torsional vibrations and shock loads

Thermal Expansion Accommodation: Compensate for axial growth due to temperature changes

Selection Criteria

When selecting an elastic coupling, consider:

Torque capacity and service factor

Speed range and balance requirements

Type and degree of misalignment

Operating temperature and environment

Maintenance accessibility

Installation and Maintenance

Proper installation requires:

Correct alignment within manufacturer's specifications

Appropriate lubrication (for certain types)

Regular inspection for wear, cracks, or degradation of flexible elements

Periodic torque checks on fasteners